PROSTATE CANCER
Introduction:-
Prostate could be a glandular organ gift solely in males. It surrounds the neck of bladder & the first part of urethra and condributes a secretion to the semen. The gland is conical in form and measures three cm in vertical diameter and four cm in transverse diameter.It’s got 5 lobes anterior,posterior,2 lateral and a median lobe.Since the primary half of the urethra have it any lesion in the prostate can produce problem in passing urine.
Diseases of the prostate gland:-
1) Prostatitis:-
This is the inflamation of the prostate gland thanks to bacterial infection.
a pair of) Benign enlargement of the prostate:-
This can be a non cancerous tumour of the prostate seen after the age of 50. 3,Cancer of the prostate:-This is the 4th commonest cause of death from malignant diseases in males.
Cancer of the prostate.
Cancer of the prostate is directly linked with the male sex hormones(androgens).If the degree of sex hormone will increase the growth rate of cancer also increases.It’s found that once the removel of testes there is marked reduction in the dimensions of tumour.
Site of tumour:-
Prostate cancer is seen mainly within the posterior lobe.Non cancerous enlargement is seen in alternative lobes.
Changes within the gland in cancer:-
The gland becomes exhausting with irregular surface with loss of traditional lobulation .Histologically prostate cancer is an adeno carcinoma(cancer of the epithelial cells in the gland)
Growth :-
Growth rate is terribly fast in prostate cancer .The tumour compresses the urethra and produce issue in urination.
Unfold of tumour:-
Metastasis in cancer of prostate is terribly early.
1) Native unfold:-
From the posterior lobe the cancer cells go to the lateral lobes and seminal vesicles.Tumour cells conjointly move to the neck and base of the urinary bladder.
two) Lymphatic spread:-
Through the lymph vessels cancer cells reach the internal and external illiac group of lymph nodes.From there cells move to retroperitonial(Behind the peritonium) and mediastinal lymph nodes(in the chest)
3) Unfold through the blood:-
Spread of cancer cells takeplace through the periprostatic venous plexus and reaches the vertebral veins while coughing and sneezing and eventually enders the vertebral bodies of the lumbar vertebrae.
Signs and symptoms of prostate cancer:–
Signs and symptoms rely upon the stage of the cancer. The following symptoms could be seen.
one) No symptoms:-
Tumour is little and solely within the posterior lobe. This is diagnosed accidentely.
two) Slight difficulty in urination:-
Here the tumour is enlarged and urethra is slightly compressed.Shortly there will be frequent urge for urination with difficult urination.
three) When the tumour unfold to all or any nearby areas as well as neck of bladder and urethra there will be painful urination with bleeding.Urine comes drop by drop.
four) Retention of urine:-
When the urethra is totally compressed there will be retention of urine.This will lead to hydronephrosis, renal failure ect.In this condition patient may get convulsions due to renal failure and eventually coma.
five) Signs of metastasis:-
Some patients come with the signs and symptoms of metastasis.
a) Lumbo sacral pain because of unfold of cancer cells to lumbar and sacral vertebrae.
b) Fracture of spine because of cancerous growth in the spine.
c) Swelling, pain and fluid collection in the abdomen because of lesion in the abdomen.
d) Respiratory complaints due to cancer of mediastinal lymphnodes and lungs.
e) General weakness thanks to unfold of cancer to different components of the body.
f) Anaemia due to involment of bone marrow and increased destruction of RBCs.
Clinical examination :-
Includes per rectal examination to feel the prostate gland,palpation of abdomen to feel the swelling in kidneys and any tumours.Patient is examined from head to foot to find out any lesions.
Investigations:-
one) Complete blood investigations;-
RBC,WBC,Platlets,ESR,bleeding time ,clotting time ect.
two) Urine analysis:-
Microscopic examination to detect pus cells,occult blood,casts,Crystals ect.
3) Renal perform tests:-
Blood urea level,serum creatinine level,electrolyte level ect.
four) Serum acid phosphatase:-
Increased in cancer of prostate.
five) x-ray of the spine:-
To detect any tumour or fracture.
6) Ultra sonography;-
Provides plan concerning prostate,bladder,kidney ect.
7) C T scan:-
A lot of detailed information concerning organs and tumour.
eight) MRI of the spine:-
Offers detailed data about spine ,disc and nearby soft tissues.
nine) Lymphangiography:-
Offers plan about lymphatic unfold of cancer.
10) Biopsy to substantiate cancer:-
Biopsy is taken from the tumour and is send for histopathological examination below the microscope.This will detect the presence of cancer cells.
Treatment:-
1) If there’s retention of urine catheterisation is needed.
2) Dialysis if kidney failure.
3) If there is coma monitoring of all important functions along with parentral nutrition and electolyte supply.
four) Specific treatment is prostatectomy(removal of prostate)
Partial prostatectomy :-
Here only the affected lobe is removed.
Radical prostatectomy :-
Total removal of prostate together with nearby lymphnodes.
five, Hormone therapy :-
Stilbestrol is given to cut back tumour growth.Since this treatement increases the chance for cardiovascular disease phosphorylated diethyle stilbesterol is used nowadays.
6) Chemotherapy:-Medicine like cyclophosphamide, cisoplatim ect are given.
7) Radiotherapy is additionally done for a few cases.
Homoeopathy:-
Homoeopathic drugs like carcinocin, conium, sabal, crotalus, thuja, iodum, selinium, staphysagria, sulphur ect will be given according to symptoms.Constitutional homoeopathic drugs will give great relief and can increase the life span.
nine) Yoga and meditation is additionally healpful.
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Tags: cancer, health, PROSTATE CANCER